Growth standard curves of birth weight, length and head circumference of Chinese newborns of different gestation / 中华儿科杂志

To study and formulate the growth standards for birth weight, length and head circumference of Chinese newborns of different gestation. A cross-sectional survey was carried out by the stratified cluster sampling method from June 2015 to November 2018 in 13 cities including Beijing, Harbin, Xi'an, Shanghai, Nanjing, Wuhan, Guangzhou, Fuzhou, Kunming, Tianjin, Shenyang, Changsha and Shenzhen. A total of 24 375 newborns with gestational age between 24 to 42 weeks were included. The standard percentile-curves of birth weight, length and head circumference for newborn boys and girls in gestational weeks 24 to 42 were established by the generalized additive model for location, scale and shape (GAMLSS). The new reference standard developed in this study was compared with the reference values of China in 1988 and the international Fenton 2013. Among the 24 375 newborns (13 197 males (54.1%),11 178 females (45.9%)), 12 264 were preterm infants and 12 111 were full term infants. The 3(rd), 10(th), 25(th), 50(th), 75(th), 90(th) and 97(th) percentile reference values and curves of birth weight, length and head circumference were obtained for male and female newborns from 24 to 42 gestation weeks. The data showed that birth weight, length and head circumference increased rapidly with the gestational age, but the growth velocity decreased slightly from 37 weeks. For example, the median birth weight for males at 28 weeks, 32 weeks, 37 weeks and 40 weeks was 1 154, 1 805, 2 943 and 3 455 g, respectively. The birth weight, length and head circumference of males at all gestational ages were 87-133 g, 0.2-0.9 cm and 0.3-0.6 cm higher than those of females, respectively. Compared with the percentile curves of birth weight of Chinese reference in 1988, there were significant differences regarding the percentile lines of males and females, especially the 10(th), 50(th), and 90(th) percentile values of birth weight were significantly higher than the reference values in 1988 from 37 to 42 gestation weeks. For example, the median birth weight at 40 weeks in the study was 115-242 g higher than that in 1988. Compared with the standard reference of Fenton 2013, the reference curve at 50(th) percentile of birth weight in this study was 13-81 g slightly higher than that of Fenton 2013 before 33 weeks, and then it was gradually lower than that of Fenton 2013 and the difference was 148-367 g at 41 to 42 weeks of gestation. The 10(th) percentile curve of Fenton 2013 was 11-64 g lower than that of this study in both males and females before 40 weeks. This study created a new national growth standard of birth weight, body length and head circumference for Chinese neonates at 24 to 42 weeks of gestation, which can be used for the growth and nutrition evaluation of newborns at birth and preterm infants in the early postnatal period. The 10(th) percentile and the 3(rd) percentile of growth standards could be suggested as the cut-off point for identifying small for gestational age and severe small for gestational age, respectively.

Korean reference for full-term birth length by sex: data from the 4th Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES-IV; 2007–2009)

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to construct reference data for birth length of full-term and preterm Korean infants by sex and to define a sex-specific birth length cut-off to identify small for gestational age (SGA).METHODS: Data were collected from the 4th Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2007–2009), comprising 843 children with birth length data and birth history.RESULTS: References for the 3rd, 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, 90th, and 97th percentiles of birth length and weight were created using singleton neonates of gestational age (GA) 36–37 weeks and 38–41 weeks by sex. The birth length cutoff value for SGA (<10th percentile) was 48 cm in both male and female neonates, and the ≤3rd percentile cutoff was 47 cm in males and 46 cm in females born at a GA of 38–41 weeks.CONCLUSION: New Korean reference data were created for birth length and differed from those of other ethnicities. Further research on short-term and long-term health outcomes of SGA infants based on the new reference data is needed.

The Association of Early Life Factors with Body Composition in Peripubertal Jamaican Children / Asociación de los Factores de los Primeros Años de Vida con la Composición Corporal de los Niños Jamaicanos Peripúberes

ABSTRACT Objective: To explore the relationships among early life factors (ie maternal weight, height and body mass index, child's birthweight, birth length and ponderal index) and body composition in peripubertal Jamaican children. Methods: One hundred and seventy-six healthy Jamaican children, 9-12 years of age were recruited from a longitudinal cohort. Their birth anthropometric and maternal anthropometric data during pregnancy were available for analysis. Measurements of anthropometry and body composition using bioelectrical impedance analysis were made. Pubertal stage was also recorded. Multiple linear regression analyses were performed. Results: Adjusting for age and gender of the children, maternal weight and birthweight were positively associated with child's weight, height, body mass index (BMI) and lean body mass (LBM); maternal height was positively associated with child's height and LBM; and maternal BMI was positively associated with BMI and LBM of the child. Also, birth length was positively related to child's height. When child's current height was further added to the models, child's LBM was no longer associated with weight and height of mothers and birthweight but was related to child's current height (p = 0.00). Adjustment for pubertal stage in all models did not significantly change these associations. Conclusion: In this Afro-Caribbean cohort, we found that higher maternal weight, height and birthweight are associated with greater height and LBM in the peripubertal period.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Explorar las relaciones entre los factores de los primeros años de vida (ie el índice de masa corporal materno (IMC) y la altura, el peso al nacer del niño, su longitud al nacer y el índice ponderal) y la composición corporal en niños jamaicanos peripúberes. Métodos: Ciento setenta y seis niños jamaicanos sanos, de 9 a 12 años de edad fueron reclutados de una cohorte longitudinal. Sus datos antropométricos de nacimiento y los datos antropométricos maternos durante el embarazo estaban disponibles para el análisis. Las mediciones de la antropometría y la composición corporal se realizaron usando el análisis de impedancia bioeléctrica. El período de pubertad fue también registrado. Se hicieron análisis de regresión lineal múltiple. Resultados: El ajuste por edad y el género de los niños, el peso materno y el peso al nacer estuvieron positivamente asociados con el peso del niño, la altura, IMC, y la MCM; la altura materna estuvo positivamente asociada con la altura y la MCM del niño; y el IMC materno estuvo positivamente asociado con el IMC y la MCM. Asimismo, la longitud al nacer estuvo relacionada positivamente con la altura del niño. Cuando la altura actual del niño se añadió a los modelos, la MCM del niño no se relacionó ya con el peso y la estatura de las madres y el peso al nacer, sino con la altura actual del niño (p = 0.00). El ajuste por etapa puberal en todos los modelos no cambió significativamente estas asociaciones. Conclusión: En esta cohorte afrocaribeña, encontramos que un mayor peso materno, altura, y peso al nacer se asocian con mayor altura y MCM en el período peripuberal.

Wasting and associated factors among infants aged 0-23 months in 13 provinces in Indonesia: Evidence from Indonesia Family Life Surveys (IFLS) 2000, 2007 and 2014

@#Introduction: Wasting is an acute form of under-nutrition. Frequent occurrence and long-term wasting can lead to stunting. Indonesia has one of the world's highest wasting prevalence of 12.1% and ranked the 4th highest for wasting globally in 2012. Methods: Data from Rand Corp Indonesia Family Life Survey for 2000, 2007 and 2014 were used to examine wasting trend, while data for 2000 and 2014 were used to determine the associated factors of wasting in infants aged 0-23 months. Data was analysed using SPSS. Logistic regression was used to predict the variables contributing to wasting. Results: Wasting prevalence in 2000, 2007 and 2014 were 12.0%, 11.2% and 10.1%, respectively. Birth weight correlated significantly with wasting prevalence in 2000 while in 2014, wasting prevalence correlated significantly with birth weight, birth length, poverty, and ownership of "Mother and Child Health Book". Logistic regression showed that birth weight was an important associated factor in 2000 and 2014, while ownership of "Mother and Child Health Book" was the only important associated factor of birth weight in 2014. Conclusion: The prevalence of wasting among young Indonesian children was lower in 2014 compared to 2000, but is still at a high level. Birth weight consistently remains the significant factor affecting wasting. It is important that the nutritional status of women be taken care of before and during pregnancy for optimal birth outcomes.

Size at birth and blood pressure in young adults: findings from a Brazilian birth cohort study / Tamanho ao nascer e pressão arterial em adultos jovens: achados de uma coorte de nascimentos brasileira

OBJECTIVE: To describe the prevalence of borderline blood pressure (BBP) and hypertension (HT) among young adults and to assess the association between size at birth and BBP/HT. METHODS: Data were collected from the fi rst Ribeirão Preto Birth Cohort Study conducted in the city of Ribeirão Preto, southeastern Brazil, that started in 1978-1979. Of the 6,827 singletons born in hospitals, 2,060 were assessed at 23-25 years of age. Blood samples were collected, an anthropometric assessment was performed, and information was obtained regarding occupation, schooling, life habits and chronic diseases. Blood pressure (BP) was classifi ed as: 1) BBP: systolic BP (SBP) ≥ 130 mm Hg and < 140 mm Hg and/or diastolic BP (DBP) ≥ 85 mm Hg and < 90 mm Hg; and 2) HT: SBP ≥ 140 mm Hg and/or DBP ≥ 90 mm Hg. A polytomic logistic regression model was used. RESULTS: BBP prevalence was 13.5% (males: 23.2%) and HT prevalence 9.5% (males: 17.7%). BBP was independently associated with male gender (relative risk [RR] 8.84; 95%CI 6.09;12.82); birth length ≥ 50 cm (RR 1.97; 1.04;3.73); body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 kg/m2 (RR 3.23; 2.02;5.15); and high waist circumference (RR 1.61; 1.13;2.29), while HT was associated with male gender (RR 15.18; 8.92;25.81); BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 (RR 3.68; 2.23;6.06); high waist circumference (RR 2.68; 1.77;4.05); and elevated blood glucose (RR 2.55; 1.27; 5.10), but not with birth length. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of BBP and HT among young adults of this cohort was higher in males than females. Greater birth length was associated with BBP, but not with HT, whereas birth weight was not associated with either BBP or HT. Adult risk factors explained most of the increase in the levels of BBP and HT.

OBJETIVO: Descrever a prevalência de pressão arterial limítrofe (PAL) e hipertensão (HT) entre adultos jovens e avaliar a associação entre tamanho ao nascer e PAL/HT. MÉTODOS: Dados foram coletados do primeiro estudo brasileiro de coorte de nascimentos em Ribeirão Preto (sudeste do Brasil), iniciado em 1978/79. De 6.827 recém-nascidos de parto único hospitalar, 2.060 foram avaliados aos 23/25 anos. Foram realizadas coleta de sangue, avaliação antropométrica e obtidas informações sobre ocupação, escolaridade, hábitos de vida e doenças crônicas. Pressão arterial (PA) foi classificada em: 1) PAL: PA sistólica (PAS) ≥ 130 e < 140 mm Hg e/ou PA diastólica (PAD) ≥ 85 e < 90 mmHg; 2) HT: PAS ≥ 140 e/ou PAD ≥ 90 mm Hg. Foi aplicado modelo de regressão logística politômica. RESULTADOS: A prevalência de PAL foi de 13,5% (homens 23,2%) e a de HT, 9,5% (homens 17,7%). PAL foi independentemente associada com sexo masculino (RR 8,84; IC95%: 6,09;12,82), comprimento ao nascer ≥ 50 cm (RR 1,97; 1,04; 3,73), índice de massa corporal (IMC) ≥ 30 kg/m² (RR 3,23; 2,02; 5,15) e circunferência de cintura alterada (RR 1,61; 1,13;2,29), enquanto HT associou-se com sexo masculino (RR 15,18; 8,92;25,81), IMC ≥ 30 kg/m² (RR 3,68; 2,23;6,06), circunferência de cintura alterada (RR 2,68; 1,77;4,05) e glicemia elevada (RR 2,55; 1,27;5,10), mas não com comprimento ao nascer. CONCLUSÕES: As prevalências de PAL e HT entre os adultos jovens dessa coorte foram maiores em homens que em mulheres. Maior comprimento ao nascer foi associado com PAL, mas não com HT, enquanto peso ao nascer não foi associado com PAL ou HT. Fatores de risco do adulto explicaram a maioria dos aumentos de PAL ou HT.

Influência do peso e comprimento ao nascer na determinação do estado nutricional de adultos jovens do sexo masculino / Influence of weight and birth length on determining the nutritional statusof young male adults

Considering the increase in obesity worldwide and the need for studying its determinants, this study aimed to investigate the possible influence of weight and birth length in determining the nutritional status of young male adults in Viçosa-MG. One hundred individuals were evaluated in two stages of life: birth and adult age. From the records of the military recruitment database in the city, information on birth weight (BW) and birth length (BL) was searched at the maternity ward and the adult individuals were identified.The values of BMI, waist and hip circumferences, body fat calculated from BMI, fat-free body mass index and waist / hip ratio were measured in theadults. The percentage of body fat was obtained by bioelectrical impedance. Biceps skinfold (BSF), triceps skinfold (TSF), subscapular skinfold (SSSF) and suprailiac (SISF) were measured for determination of central fat (SSSF + SISF) and peripheral fat (BSF + TSF). Blood samples were collected for lipid profile analysis. Blood pressure was measured by an automatic equipment. Statistical analysis was performed using Sigma Stat 2.0 software, p <0.05. A Pearson or Spearman correlation test was used, according to the variable distribution. Means were compared by using a Student t testand ANOVA (parametric variables) or Mann Whitney and Kruskal Wallistest (nonparametric variables). The results obtained showed that 9% of the adults were obese and 39% presented increased body fat. Reduced HDL (62%) was the most frequent biochemical alteration. It was observed that individuals with BMI> 25kg/m2 and increased blood pressure had average BL values higher than the other individuals. The results suggest that BL may reflect the nutritional status in the future and thus should be considered in further studies.

Considerando el elevado aumento de la obesidad en el mundo y la necesidad de investigar sus determinantes, este estudio tuvo por objetivo averiguar una posible influencia de la talla y el peso al nacer con el estado nutricional de jóvenes adultos del sexo masculino del municipio de Viçosa-Minas Gerais - Brasil. Fueron evaluados cien individuos en dos etapas de la vida: al nacimiento y en la edad adulta. De los registros de reclutamiento militar del municipio y de los nacimientos en la maternidad local se levantaron informaciones sobre el peso (PN) y la talla (NC) al nacer y se identificaron los individuos adultos. En la fase adulta, se determinaron el índicede masa corporal (IMC), las circunferencias de cintura y cadera, el IMC libre de grasa y la relación cintura/cadera. El porcentaje de grasa corporal se obtuvo por medio de la bioimpedancia eléctrica. Se determinaron los pliegues cutáneos del bíceps (PCB), tríceps (PCT), subescapular (SST) y suprailíaco (PCSI) para la determinación de la grasa central (TSM + PCSI) y periférica (PCB + PCT). Se cogieron muestras de sangrepara análisis del perfil de lípidos. La presión arterial se midió con un sistema automático. Para el análisis estadístico (p <0,05; Sigma Stat2.0,) fue utilizado test de correlación de Pearsono Spearman, respectivamente, para las variables con y sin distribución normal; ANOVA y test t deStudent (en caso de variables paramétricas) o Mann Whitney y Kruskal Wallis (para variablesno paramétricas) fueron empleados para comparación de las medias. En la muestra evaluada, 9% de los individuos eran obesos y 39% fueron clasificados como portadores de grasa corporal aumentada. La alteración bioquímica más frecuente (62%) fue la reducción de HDL. Se observó que los individuos con IMC> 25kg/m2 y con presión arterial elevada presentan media de NC superior a los demás. Los resultados sugieren que el NC puede relacionar se al futuro estado nutricional del individuo adulto y por tanto debeser considerado en futuros estudios.

Considerando o aumento da obesidade em todo o mundo e a necessidade de se estudar seus determinantes, este trabalho teve como objetivo investigar a possível influência do peso e comprimento ao nascer na determinação do estado nutricional de adultos jovens do sexo masculino do município de Viçosa-MG. Foram avaliados cem indivíduos, em duas fases da vida: ao nascer e na vida adulta. A partir dos registros do banco de dados de alistamento militar do município, buscaram-se, na maternidade, informações sobre peso (PN) e comprimento ao nascer (CN) e identificaram-se os indivíduos, quando adultos. Na vida adulta, avaliaram-se IMC, circunferência da cintura e quadril, IMC de gordura, IMC livre de gordura e relação cintura/quadril. O percentual de gordura corporal foi obtido por bioimpedância elétrica. Aferiram-se pregas cutâneas biciptal (PCB), triciptal (PCT), subescapular (PCSE) e suprailíaca (PCSI) para determinação de gordura central (PCSE + PCSI) e periférica (PCB + PCT). Amostras de sangue foram coletadas para análise do perfil lipídico. A pressão arterial foi aferida por aparelho automático. A análise estatística foi realizada no software Sigma Stat 2.0, p < 0,05. Utilizou-se teste de correlação de Pearson ou Spearman, segundo distribuição das variáveis. O test t'Student e Anova (variáveis paramétricas) ou Mann Whitneye Kruskal Wallis (variáveis não paramétricas) foram utilizados para comparação de médias. Obteve-se, 9% de obesidade e 39% de gordura corporal aumentada. A alteração bioquímica mais frequente foi o HDL reduzido (62%).Observou-se que indivíduos com IMC > 25kg/m2 e com pressão arterial aumentada apresentaram médias de CN superior aos demais. Os resultados obtidos sugerem que o CN pode refletir no estado nutricional futuro e, desta forma, deve ser considerado em estudos posteriores.

Cord Blood Adiponectin Concentrations in Relation to Newborn Birth Weight, Length and Gender / 대한소아내분비학회지

PURPOSE: Adiponectin is an adipocyte-derived plasma protein with various metabolic effects that include increasing insulin sensitivity, antiatherogenic, and antiinflammatory properties. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association of cord plasma adiponectin levels with body size, ponderal index, and gender in newborns and also age and body mass index in their mothers. METHODS: The cord blood was obtained from 99 healthy newborns (male 46, female 53, gestational age of 32-41 weeks) and the concentrations of adiponectin were analyzed by a radioimmunoassay kit. Anthropometric parameters of the newborns including birth weight and length were measured. Maternal weight and height were identified, and their body mass index was calculated. RESULTS: The cord plasma adiponectin levels of the newborns whose gestational age was longer than 39 weeks were significantly higher compared with those of gestational age shorter than 39 weeks (15.0+/-9.9 vs 8.4+/-8.9 microgram/mL, P=0.001). The cord plasma adiponectin concentrations were positively correlated with gestational age and length at birth of the newborns. There was no correlation between cord plasma adiponectin levels and sex, birth weight or ponderal index of the newborns. Any significant correlation was not found between cord plasma adiponectin levels and maternal age or body mass index. CONCLUSION: These findings indicate that cord plasma adiponectin concentrations are positively associated with gestational age and length at birth of neonates. However there is no correlation between cord plasma adiponectin levels and maternal age or body mass index.